Method of bonding using brominated isomonoolefin polyolefin interpolymer adhesive compositions and article produced thereby



Oct. 11, 1955 R. A. CRAWFORD ET AL METHOD OF BONDING USING BROMINATED ISOMONOOLEFIN POLYOLEFIN INTERPOLYMER ADHESIVE COMPOSITIONS AND ARTICLE PRODUCED THEREBY Filed June 30, 1951 www N WWW/ M2 @M Af W MYX AAB Patents 2,322,073;

United States Patent() METHOD F BONDING USING BROMINATED ISO- `MONOOLEFIN POLYOLEFIN INTERPOLYMER ADHESIVE COMPOSITIONS ANDARTICLE PRO- DUCED THEREBY Application June 30, 1951,` Serial No. 234,678 13 Claims. (Cl. 154-130) This invention relatestoV an adhesive and method of preparing the same and" to the composite products made with such adhesive, and pertains more specifically to an adhesive comprising a brominated rubbery isoolefin-polyolefin interpolymer.

Adhering Butyl-type rubbery interpolymers `to crude rubber or .to other materials has in the past presented a problem` of such magnitude that the widespread use of Such interpolymers has been curtailed except in special applications.

It is an object of this invention to` provide an improved adhesive whichis suitable for adhering rubbery materials including rubbery isoolefin-polyolen interpolymers to other materials.

It is` also an object to provide such an adhesive for adhering a rubbery isoolen-polyolen interpolymer to crude rubber or natural rubber compositions.

it is a further object to provide an adhesive for adhering rubbery materials, particularly rubbery isooloeiin-polyolefin interpolymers to other materials such as metal, wood, plastic, fabric and thelike.

lt is also an object` to provide methods of using such adhesives.

Other objects will be apparent from the description which follows.

It has been discovered that a dispersion of brominecontaining derivatives of isoolen-polyolen interpolymers and particularly rubbery derivatives of such interpolymers in a suitable solvent such as n-heptane is very satisfactory as an adhesive for adhering isoolen-diolefininterpolymers to `crude and synthetic rubber and to metal, wood, concrete, plastics, `fabric and other materials. It has been most difficult in the past to adhere these so-called Butyl interpolymers tocother materials; however, these interpolymers may` be strongly adhered to other materials by using anadhesive `containing a` derivative of these interpolymers, the derivative being prepared as described in the following paragraphs. A

The isoolen-polyolen interpolymers `referred to are those comprising amajor proportion of an isoolen such as isobutylene and a minor proportion of one or more polyolei'ns (i. e., diolefins, triolens, or `other olefns containing more than one `double bond), which interpolymers are characterized by high molecular weight, low unsaturation and" low reactivitywith sulfur to give an elastic product. Such interpolymers `have been `described in U. S. 2,356,128; 2,356,129; 2,356,130; 2,373,706; 2,384,975 and 2,418,912 and are commonly known as Butyl or GR-I-SQ, GR-I-lS, GR-I-17, GR-I-18, these interpolymers being of the type comprising a major proportion of isobutylene and a minor proportion of isoprene.

The isoolen-polyolen interpolymers used in preparing brominated derivatives are the solid plastic rubbery interpolymers described in the above-listed patents, examples being` interpolymers of"a major proportion, desirably from 70 to 99 %'by weight, ofan isooleiin containing from 4 to 8 :carbon atoms Vsuch as isobutylene, 3methyl butene-l,

"ice

2 4-methy1 pentene-l, Z-ethyl butene-l, 4-ethyl pentene-l or the like, or a mixture of such isoolens with a minor proportion, desirably from 1 to 30% by weight, of a polyolefin generally containing from 4 to 18 carbon atoms, or two, three or more such polyolefins including the following: (l) acyclic or open-chain conjugated diolelins such as butadiene-1,3, isoprene, 2,4-dirnethyl butadiene-1,3, piperylene, 3-methyl pentadiene-l,3, hexadiene-2,4, 2-neopentyl-butadiene-1,3, and the like; (2) acyclic nonconjugated diolens such as dimethallyl and its homologs containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms interposed between two isopropenyl radicals, Z-methyl hexadiene-1,5, 2-methyl pentadiene-1,4, 2-rnethyl heptadiene-L, 2-methyl heptadiene-l,4 and other tertiary non-conjugated diolefins having one double bond in the terminal position attached to a tertiary carbon atom; (3) alicyclic diolefins, both conjugated and non-conjugated, such as cyclo-pentadiene, cyclohexadiene, l-vinyl cycloheXene-3, l-vinyl cycloheXene-l, l-vinyl cyclopentene-l, l-vinyl cyclobutene-Z, dicyclopentadiene and the like as well as monocyclic dioleinic terpenes such as dipentene, terpinenes, terpinolene, phellandrines, sylvestrene and the like; (4) acyclic triolens such as 2,6-dimethyl-4-methylene-heptadiene-2,5, 2-methyl heXadiene-l,3,5 and other conjugated triolens, as Well as myrcene, ocirnene, allo-ocimene and the like; (5) alicyclic triolens such as fulvene, 6,6-dimethyl fulvene, 6,6-methyl ethyl fulvene, 6-ethyl fulvene, 6,6-diphenyl fulvene,

vinyl-cycloheXadiene-2,4, cycloheptatriene etc.; and (6)` higher polyoleiins such as 6,6-vinyl methyl fulvene (a tetraolein) and 6,6-diisopropenyl fulvene (a pentaolen).

The preferred solid, plastic, rubbery interpolymers are generally prepared by low temperature (from 0 C. to 165 C.) interpolymerization using an appropriate catalyst such as an active metal halide or Friedel-Crafts type catalyst (aluminum chloride or boron triuoride) dissolved in a low freezing solvent such as methyl or ethyl chloride.

' These interpolymers generally have an average molecular weight above 15,000, iodine numbers of from 0.5 to 50,

and they are reactive with sulfur to form elastic products.

Isoolefin-polyoleiin interpolymers containing other additional monomers such as styrene,I chlorostyrenes, acrylyl chloride, methallyl chloride, and other monoolefinic monomers may also be used instead of a true copolymer of isoolen and polyolein alone. An interpolymer produced from a monomer system comprising 50% isobutylene, 30% styrene and 20% isoprene may used.

The bromination of such interpolymers may be carried out by any suitable process which gives a product having from 0.5% to 20% by weight or even as much as 50% by Weight of combined bromine depending `onf the degree `of unsaturation, which in turn dependsupon the proportion of polyolein in the interpolymer used. The preferred derivatives are not completely saturated but are less unsaturated than the parent unbrominated interpolymers. ln the preferred` derivatives, the percentage of combinedbromine is from 20 to 80% of the amount which would be present if all olenic double` bonds. C=C units) were completely brominated to give Generally,` the preferred percentage of `combined brO- mine is from about 1.5 to 6% by weight in interpolymers containing from 95 to 98% isooleiin and from 2 to dioleiin.

Some of the bromnation methods which may be used are (1) passing gaseous bromine over finely-divided solid isooleiin-polyolen interpolymer, (2) adding a solid brominating agent such as N-bromosuccinimide to the interpolymer on a mixing mill, or (3) preparing a solution, a dispersion or cement of the interpolymer in a suitable liquid organic solvent and adding the brominating agent either as such or in solution to the interpolmer solution to form the brominated interpolymer in solution or dispersion in the solvent, which iinal solution is admixed with a non-solvent for the brominated derivative to precipitate the latter.

The single figure of the drawing is an elevational view in section of a laminate embodying this invention.

The preparation of the brominated derivative and an adhesive cement of the brominated derivative is illustrated by the following example. In the example, all parts are by weight.

EXAMPLE 1 A solid plastic rubbery interpolymer of about 97% isobutylene and about 3% isoprene known as Butyl is dissolved in liquid ethyl chloride to form a solution containing 100 parts of interpolymer. A solution containing 5 to 16 parts of bromine dissolved in ethyl chloride is added to the interpolymer solution at 0 C. in a closed vessel and the resulting mixture stirred for tive minutes at which point an excess of alcoholic potassium hydroxide is added to neutralize the unreacted bromine. The mixture is stirred for several minutes and an aqueous slurry of finely-divided calcium silicate (2.5% based on the weight of brominated interpolymer), which serves as a stabilizer for the brominated interpolmer, is added and the mixture stirred rapidly. The homogeneous mixture is discharged from the reaction vessel in a fine stream into a closed coagulating tank fitted with a condenser, the tank containing hot water (60 to 70 C.) and a colloidal dispersion of calcium silicate, whereupon the ethyl chloride is flashed off and recovered in the condenser and the brominated interpolymer is obtained as a tine crumb-like coagulum containing intimately dispersed calcium silicate. The c0- agulum is separated by filtering, washed with clear water, and dried.

The calcium silicate stabilized brominated isobutylene-isoprene interpolymer composition obtained contains from 1.5 to 5.0% or more of combined bromine depending on the original amount of bromine used and from 2.5 to 3.0% by weight of calcium silicate.

One hundred parts of this brominated isobutyleneisoprene interpolymer composition is mixed on a conventional rubber mill with forty parts of easy-processing channel black and this mixture is then dissolved in a suitable solvent to form a cement. An excellent cement is formed by dissolving fourteen parts of this composition in eighty-six parts of n-heptane.

The adhesive is used as follows in adhering an isobutylene-isoprene interpolymer to a natural rubber composition such as a tire carcass composition. The adhesive cement is spread upon the faces of the isobutyleneisoprene interpolymer and natural rubber sheets to be joined and the cement allowed to dry. The cemented surfaces are pressed together and the assembly is vulcanized. Any tests conducted to determine the strength of the bond between the rubber layers result in a failure Within the rubber layers themselves before any breakdown in the adhesive bond takes place.

EXAMPLE 2 A cement is prepared by dispersing 100 parts by weight of a 97:3 isobutylene-isoprene interpolymer and 40 parts of carbon black in n-heptane to obtain a 10% i Materials:

cement. A 10% bromine solution in carbon tetrachloride is added thereto until a cement having about 9% bromine content based on the rubbery hydrocarbon is provided.

A rubber composition is prepared according to the following recipe:

Total 186.0

The adhesive is then used in adhering the isobutyleneisoprene interpolymer rubber composition defined in the above recipe to various metals and adhesion tests conducted as follows: A at piece of the metal to be tested is coated with a suitable primer such as a resorcinol-formaldehyde resin solution having a curing agent such as hexamethylene tetramine (Bostick T-30A and T-30B, B. & B. Chemical Company). The resin coat is dried and the metal and layer of isobutylene isoprene interpolymer composition containing a vulcanizing agent are coated With the adhesive cement of this example. After the adhesive coating is dried, the metal and isobutylene-isoprene interpolymer layer are pressed together and the assembly subjected to a curing temperature of 292 F. for 30 minutes to vulcanize the isobutylene isoprene interpolymer composition and set the adhesive. The adhesion expressed in pounds per inch width between the metal and interpolymer layer is measured on the Cooey Autographic Adhesion Tester.

Adhesion results Adhesion (1bs./ inch width) Metal Room Temp. 212 F.

Copper Aluminum Stainless SteeL.. Dow metal EXAMPLE 3 The stabilized brominated isobutylene-isoprene interpolymer of Example 1 is mixed on a rubber mill along with other ingredients according to the following recipe:

Parts by weight Brominated interpolymer 100.0 Carbon black 40.0 Phenolformaldehyde resin 60.0 Hexamethylene tetramine 7.6

Total 207.6

This composition is used to make a 10% cement by dispersing 10.0 parts of the composition in 90.0 parts of n-heptane. lThe cement is then used to adhere an isoandere butylene-isoprene rubbery composition to steel. The rubbery composition which is to. be `adhered to steel is prepared according to the `following recipe:

Material: Parts by weight Isobutylene-isoprene interpolymer 100.0

Carbon black 50.0

Stearic acid 2.0

Zinc oxide 5.0

Sulfur 2.0

Mercaptobenzothiazole 0.5

t Tetramethyl thiuram disulfide 1.0 Dinitroso benzene 0.1

Total 160.6

A layer of cement is spread on both` the rubbery composition and the steel. The cement is allowed to dry and the steel and rubbery composition pressed together and the assembly heated to set the `adhesive and vulcanize the rubber composition layer. When the bond istested, the rubbery composition itself fails before the bond between the rubbery composition and metal fails.

Likewise a crude rubber composition is adhered to metal with the cement of this example. The crude rubber composition is prepared according to the `following reclpe:

This rubber composition is adhered to steel aswas `the isobueylene-isoprene rubbery interpolyer composition above by spreading on the cement, pressing and curing. Again the rubbery composition comprising crude rubber fails before the bond fails, when the bond is tested.

It is not necessary to use a` resin primer coat when using the adhesive cement of Example 3 for metal to rubber bonds because the resin is included in the cement itself.

Such a rubber, resin, carbon black composition may also be used in the form of a solid adhesive or tie gum.

Many variations can be made in the method of preparation and use of the adhesive cements of this invention.

The solvents used may include n-heptane, toluene, gasoline, benzene, or any other suitable solvent. The amount of solvent used with a given amount of brominated interpolymer may be varied widely depending upon the consistency in the product which may be desired. The cements may be flowed` on, dipped on, or brushed as is desired. One or multiple coats may be applied, `with or without intervening drying steps.

It has been found that the best adhesion results are obtained `it carbon black is added to the adhesive cements of this invention; however, other materials may be added in addition to or in place of the carbon black. For instance, in light-colored compositions, calcium silicate or other suitable materials may be used as a reinforcing material or ller. The best results are obtained by adding the carbon black totthe rubbery material before dispersing the composition in the solvent. This addition preferably is made by mixing the rubber `and carbon black on a rubber mill, but the carbon black may be stirred into a dispersion of rubbery material in d n-heptane or other solvent if desired. The proportion of carbon black or other like material which is added `may vary widely, but is preferably from 10 to 80 parts by weight per parts of brominated derivative.

When bonding a rubbery composition to an isobutylene-isoprene interpolymer it has been found advantageous to include in the cement to be used, a minor proportion (up to 30%) of the rubbery composition to be bonded. There is no advantage evident in adding such rubbery composition to the cement when adhering metal to rubber.

When adhering rubber to metal, the metal surface is generally sand-blasted or pickled or prepared in some like manner and then is precoated with a suitable primer such as a phenol-formaldehyde resin. A resorcinal-formaldehyde resin has been found to be a suitable primer to be applied before application of the adhesive cement of this invention. The particular pretreatment of the metal is not critical; however, it is desirable that the metal surface be prepared by some suitable method.

In cements such as those of Example 3, the resin may be added in varying proportions of from 40 to 80 parts by weight per 100 parts of brominated derivative.

Of the many possible variations of this invention, one stands out, although it might appear obvious. A sheet of unbrominated isobutylene-isoprene interpolymer composition, the recipe of which appears in Example 3, may be adhered to a sheet of natural rubber by treating the surface of the interpolymer sheet with a solution of bromine to form a layer of brominated isobutyleneisoprene upon the surface of the sheet. This brominated derivative surface is then placed next to the natural rubber sheet which has been cleaned with a suitable solvent and the sheets pressed together and heated to vulcanize the rubber constituents. Likewise, a sheet of brominated isobutylene-isoprene interpolymer may be adhered to natural rubber by cleaning the surfaces and pressing the sheets together and vulcanizing. Another variation of the invention is to sheet out the stabilized brominated isobutylene-isoprene interpolymer composition of Example 1 instead of dissolving the composition in a solvent, and using the resulting sheeted material as a tie gum. The surfaces of the rubbery isobutylene-isoprene interpolymer layer and natural rubber layer are cleaned with a suitable solvent and a layer of the tie gum is interposed between these rubbery layers and the composite structure vulcanized. The layers of the resulting laminate are strongly adhered one to the other.

While certain specific embodiments of the invention have been herein disclosed, it is` not intended that the invention be limited thereto, but it is intended to include all the obvious modifications and variations fallingwithin the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

`We claim:

1. An adhesive cement comprising a mixture of 100 parts by weight of a brominated, solid plastic, rubbery olenically-unsaturated interpolymer of from 70 to 99% by weight of an isomouoolen containing from 4 to 8 carbon atoms and from 1 to 30% by weight of a polyolefin containing from 4 to 18 carbon atoms, said interpolymer containing more than 0.5% bromine but less than enough to saturate all of its oleiinic unsaturation, from 10 to 80 parts by weight of carbon black, from 40 to 80 parts by weight of phenol-formaldehyde resin and a volatile solvent for said interpolymer.

2. The method of bonding to metal a rubbery interpolymer of 70 to 99% by weight of an isomonoolein containing from 4 to 8 carbon atoms with 1 t0 30% by weight of a polyolen containing from 4 to 18 carbon atoms, which method comprises assembling said interpolymer and said metal together with an interposed layer comprising a mixture of a phenol-aldehyde resin with a brominated solid, rubbery interpolymer of 70t0 99% by weight of an isomonoolein containing from 4 to 8 carbon atoms with 1 to 30% by weight of a polyolen containing from 4 to 18 carbon atoms, said brominated interpolymer containing bromine in an amount from 20 to 80% of that required to saturate all of its olelnic unsaturation, and heating said assembly under pressure to vulcanize said rubbery interpolymer.

3. An adhesive composition comprising a mixture of a solid rubbery brominated olefnically-unsaturated interpolymer of a major proportion of an isomonoolen containing 4 to 8 carbon atoms with a minor proportion of a polyoletin containing 4 to 18 carbon atoms, said interpolymer containing a combined bromine content above 0.5% by weight but below that which corresponds to complete saturation of the oletinic double bonds, and a phenol-aldehyde resin.

4. An adhesive composition comprising a mixture of a solid rubbery brominated olenically-unsaturated interpolymer of 70 to 99% by weight of an isomonoolen containing 4 to 8 carbon atoms and l to 30% by weight of a polyolefin containing 4 to 18 carbon atoms, said interpolymer containing a combined bromine content above 0.5% by weight but below that which corresponds to complete saturation of the oletinic double bonds, and a phenolformaldehyde resin.

5. An adhesive composition comprising a mixture of a solid rubbery brominated oleinically-unsaturated interpolymer of a maior proportion of isobutylene with a minor proportion of isoprene, said interpolymer containing a combined bromine content above 0.5 by weight but below that which corresponds to complete saturation of the oleiinic double bonds, and a resorcinol-formaldehyde resin.

6. An adhesive composition comprising a mixture of a solid rubbery brominated interpolymer of 70 to 99% by weight of an isomonoolen containing 4 to 8 carbon atoms and 1 to 30% by weight of a polyolen containing 4 to 18 carbon atoms, said interpolymer being brominated to such an extent that it contains combined bromine in an amount from 20 to 80% of that required to saturate all of its olenic double bonds, a phenol-formaldehyde resin, and a volatile solvent for said interpolymer.

7. An adhesive cement comprising a mixture of 100 parts by weight of a solid rubbery brominated interpolymer ot a major proportion of isobutylene and a minor proportion of isoprene, said interpolymer being brominated to such an extent that it contains combined bromine in an amount from 20 to 80% of that required to saturate all of its olefinic double bonds, from 40 to 80 parts by weight of a phenol-formaldehyde resin, and a volatile solvent for said interpolymer.

8. A composite article comprising a layer including a solid rubbery interpolymer of a major proportion of an isomonoolefin containing 4 to 8 carbon atoms with a minor proportion of a polyolefn containing 4 to 18 carbon atoms and a layer comprising a mixture of a phenolaldehyde resin and a solid rubbery brominated interpolymer of a major proportion of an isomonooletn containing 4 to 8 carbon atoms with a minor proportion of a polyolen containing 4 to 18 carbon atoms, said brominated interpolymer. containing a combined bromine content above 0.5 by weight but below that which correspends to complete saturation of the oletinic double bonds, said layers being adhered together in contacting face-toface relation.

9. A composite article comprising a layer including a solid rubbery interpolymer of 70 to 99% by weight of an isomonoolefin containing 4 to 8 carbon atoms with 1 to 30% by weight of a polyolen containing 4 to 18 carbon atoms, a layer of a material normally poorly adherent to the first said layer, and an intermediate layer disposed between the rst said two layers, said intermediate layer comprising a mixture of a phenol-formaldehyde resin and a solid rubbery brominated interpolymer of 70 to 99% by weight of an isomonoolen containing 4 to 8 carbon atoms and 1 to 30% by weight of a polyolefin containing 4 to 18 carbon atoms, said brominated interpolymer containing a combined bromine content above 0.5 by weight but below that which corresponds to complete saturationof the olenic double bonds, said layers all being adhered together.

10. A composite article comprising a layer including a solid rubbery interpolymer of 70 to 99% by weight of an isomonoolefin containing 4 to 8 carbon atoms and 1 to 30% by weight of a polyolefin containing 4 to 18 carbon atoms bonded to a metal member by an intermediate layer disposed between said layer and said metal member, said intermediate layer comprising a mixture of a phenolformaldehyde resin and a solid rubbery brominated interpolymer of 70 to 99% by weight of an isomonoolen containing 4 to 8 carbon atoms and 1 to 30% by weight of a polyolen` containing 4 to 18 carbon atoms, said brominated interpolymer being brominated to such an extent that it contains combined bromine in an amount from 20 to of that required to saturate all of its olenic double bonds.`

11. The method of preparing an adhesive composition which comprises mixing together a phenol-aldehyde resin and a lsolid rubbery brominated olefinically-unsaturated interpolymer of a major proportion of an isomonooleiin containing 4 to 8 carbon atoms with a minor proportion of a polyolen containing 4 to 18 carbon atoms, said interpolymer containing a combined bromine content above 0.5% by weight but below that which corresponds to complete saturation of the olefinic double bonds.

l2. The method of preparing an adhesive composition which comprises mixing together a phenol-formaldehyde resin, a solid rubbery brominated olenically-unsaturated interpolymer of 70 to 99% by weight of an isomonoolen containing 4 to 8 carbon atoms and 1 Vto 30% by weight of a polyolen containing 4 to 18 carbon atoms, said interpolymer being brominated to such an extent that it contains combined bromine in an amount from 20 to 80% of that required to saturate all of its olefinic double bonds, and a volatile solvent for said interpolymer.

13. The method of making a composite article comprising interposing a layer comprising a mixture of a phenolformaldehyde resin and a solid rubbery brominated oleinically-unsaturated interpolymer of a major proportion of an isomonoolein containing 4 to 8 carbon atoms and a minor proportion of a polyolefn containing 4 to 18 carbon atoms, said brominated interpolymer containing a combined bromine content above 0.5% by weight but below that which corresponds to complete saturation of the oleiinic double bonds, between a layer including a solid rubbery interpolymer of a major proportion of an isomonooleiin containing 4 to 8 carbon atoms with a minor proportion of a polyolein containing 4 to 18 carbon atoms and a layer of material normally poorly adherent to a solid rubbery interpolymer of a major proportion of an isomonoolen containing 4 to 8 carbon atoms with a minor proportion of a polyolen containing 4 to 18 carbon atoms, and subjecting the assembly to a vulcanizing temperature to bond said layers together.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,142,980 Huijser et al. Ian. 3, 1939 2,170,947 Habgood et al. Aug. 29, 1939 2,181,144 Morway et al Nov. 28, 1939 2,390,621 Shoemaker et al. Dec. 11, 1945 2,403,200 Weiss et al. July 2, 1946 2,471,905 Smith May 31, 1949 2,522,137 Schaffer Sept. 12, 1950 2,541,550 Sarbach et al. Feb. 13, 1951 2,553,427 Smith May 15, 1951 2,566,329 Hessney et al. Sept. 4, 1951 2,566,384 Tilton Sept. 4, 1951 2,575,249 Connell et al. Nov. 13, 1951 2,631,984 Crawford et al. Mar. 17. 1953 

2. THE METHOD OF BONDING TO METAL A RUBBERY INTERPOLYMER OF 70 TO 99% BY WEIGHT OF AN ISOMONOOLEFIN CONTAINING FROM 4 TO 8 CARBON ATOMS WITH 1 TO 30% BY WEIGHT OF A POLYOLEFIN CONTAINING FROM 4 TO 18 CARBON ATOMS, WHICH METHOD COMPRISES ASSEMBLING SAID INTERPOLYMER AND SAID METAL TOGETHER WITH AN INTERPOSED LAYER COMPRISING A MIXTURE OF A PHENOL-ALDEHYDE RESIN WITH A BROMINATED SOLID, RUBBERY INTERPOLYMER OF 70 TO 99% BY WEIGHT OF AN ISOMONOOLEFIN CONTAINING FROM 4 TO 8 CARBON ATOMS WITH 1 TO 30% BY WEIGHT OF A POLYOLEFIN CONTAINING FROM 4 TO 18 CARBON ATOMS, SAID BROMINATED INTERPOLYMER CONTAINING BROMINE IN AN AMOUNT FROM 20 TO 80% OF THAT REQUIRED TO SATURATE ALL OF ITS OLEFINIC UNSATURATION, AND HEATING SAID ASSEMBLY UNDER PRESSURE TO VULCANIZE SAID RUBBERY INTERPOLYMER. 